Authors

Nguyen Thao Truong Pham 1* , Phuong Minh Ta 2 , Anh Minh Do 3

Affiliations

1 Institute of Ecology and Works protection, Thuyloi University; thaonguyen22b@gmail.com

2 School of International Education, Thuyloi University; phuongtm@tlu.edu.vn

3 Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment; dmanh@hunre.edu.vn

*Corresponding author: thaonguyen22b@gmail.com; Tel.: +84–967123798

Abstracts

This paper presents the results of water quality assessment of clam farming areas for 3 monitoring points in Tien Hai district, Thai Binh province. Using monitoring parameters including: Temperature, pH, Salinity, Alkalinity, N-NO2-, N-NH4+, H2S, Coliform, Total Vibrio to assess water quality in clam culture area by using methods: The method of calculating the pollutant load due to domestic wastewater, the method of assessing the current state of the water environment based on national standards and the assessment method according to the water quality index (WQI). The results show that the monitoring points in the clam farming area of Thai Binh province: Temperature, pH and H2S- in the water are within the limits according to QCVN 10:2023/BTNMT; QCVN 02-19:2014/BNNPTNT and QCVN QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT. Salinity and alkalinity fluctuate greatly, the proportion of samples outside the permissible limits is 54.17% and 12.5%, respectively. N-NH4+, N-NO2-, have a high percentage of samples with values exceeding the permissible limit, ranging from 41.65 to 62.50% of the monitored samples. Coliform exceeded the limit from 2 to 256 times. The total Vibrio density was 20.83% of samples above the limit. The average water quality indicator on 3 monitoring locations has a percentage rating of Excellent: 20.83%, Good: 12.5%, Medium 12.5%, Bad: 37.5% and very bad: 16.67%. From the results of the assessment, this study suggests management measures, including improving water quality index used to zoning water quality, thus better managing clam areas; and technical measure which improves farming techniques to protect the aquatic environment of farmers.

Keywords

Clam; Thai Binh province; Water quality; WQI; Pollutant load

Cite this paper

Thao, N.T.P.; Minh, T.P.; Anh, M.D. Assessment of current water quality status in clam areas in Thai Binh Province and proposal for measures to improve efficiency. J. Hydro-Meteorol. 2023, 16, 89-99.

References

1. Chen, H.; Zha, J.; Liang, X.; Bu, J.; Wang, M. Sequencing and De Novo assembly of the  sian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) transcriptome using the illumina GAllx method. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(11), e79516.

2. Zulhisyam, A.K.; Kabir, M.A.; Dawood, M.A.; Razab, M.K.A.A.; Ariff, N.S.N.A.; Sarkar,T.; Pati, S.; Edinur, H.A.; Mat, K.; Ismail, T.A. Effect of fish meal substitution with fermented soy pulp on growth performance, digestive enzyme, amino acid profile, and immune-related gene expression of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Aquaculture 2022, 546, 737418.

3. Sathish, M.N.; Jeyasanta, K.I.; Jamila, P. Monitoring of microplastics in the clam Donax cuneatus and its habitat in Tuticorin coast of Gulf of Mannar (GoM), India. Environ. Pollute. 2022, 266, 115219.

4. Nam, K.W.; Jeung, H.D.; Song, J.H.; Park, K.H.; Choi, K.S.; Park, K.I. High parasite burden increases the surfacing and mortality of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in intertidal sandy mudflats on the west coast of Korea during hot summer. Parasites Vectors 2018, 11, 42.

5. Thai Binh province web portal (thaibinh.gov.vn).

6. Thai Binh Statistics Office. Report on socio-economic situation of Thai Binh province in 2022, 2022.

7. Thuyet, D.B.; Dung, V.T. Current status of clam farming in some coastal provinces in the North and North Central, Vietnam. J. Sci. Res. Dev. 2013, 7, 972–980.

8. Thai Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Report on the current state of the environment in Thai Binh province in the 2016-2020, 2020.

9. Thang, D.D.; Thai, H.T.; Hoa, V.V. Assessing the current situation and estimating the possibility of saline intrusion for the coastal area of Thai Binh province. VN J. Hydrometeorol. 2019, 699, 9–16.

10. QCVN 02-19:2014/BNNPTNT. National technical regulation on brackish water shrimp farming establishments - conditions to ensure veterinary hygiene, environmental protection and food safety, 2014. (In Vietnameses)

11. QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT. National technical regulation on Surface water quality, 2023. (In Vietnameses)

12. QCVN 10:2023/BTNMT. National technical regulation on marine water quality, 2023. (In Vietnameses)

13. QCVN 40:2021/BTNMT. National technical regulation on industrial wastewater, 2021. (In Vietnameses)

14. TCMT-Ministry TNMT. No. 1460/QĐ-TCMT QD-TCMT dated November 12, 2019 On the promulgation of Technical Guidelines for calculation and publication of Vietnam’s water quality index (VN_WQI). TCMT, Ministry TNMT, 2019. (In Vietnameses)

15. TCN 101-1997. Procedures for quarantine of aquatic animals and aquatic animal products, 1997. (In Vietnameses)

16. TCVN 5994:1995. TCVN 5994:1995 (ISO 5667-4: 1987): Water quality-sampling- guidance on sampling from natural lakes and man-made lakes, 1995. (In Vietnameses)

17. TCVN 6663-3:2016. TCVN 6663-3:2016 (ISO 5667-3:2012) Water quality - Sampling - Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples, 2016. (In Vietnameses)

18. Weber, K. Effect of temperature on the metabolic rate of diploid and triploid Mercenaria mercenaria. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. University of Florida, Florida. 2008.

19. Velez, C.; Figueira, E.; Soares, A.M.V.M.; Freitas, R. Native and introduced clams biochemical responses to salinity and pH changes. Sci. Total. Environ. 2016, 566-567, 260–268.

20. Shumway, S. A review of the effects of algal blooms on shellfish and aquaculture. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 2007, 21, 65–104.