Authors
Affiliations
1 Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
2 Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
* Corresponding author: longbt62@hcmut.edu.vn; Tel.: +84–918017376
Abstracts
Assessment of the effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure on human health is one of the problems that need to be addressed within the framework of sustainable development. The goal of this study is to quantify the health-economic impacts of PM2.5 pollution for a specific province - Long An province in Vietnam using the EnHEBIS (Environment, Public Health, and Economic Benefit Management Support Integrated System) software package. The study outcomes showed that significant health and economic effects could occur in areas with high PM2.5 concentrations and dense population concentrations. Prominent results presented that acute exposure to PM2.5 pollution from May to December 2018 caused 265 (95% CI: -12; 422) premature deaths, which approximately 60% of all early deaths due to all-caused respiratory diseases (RDs) with 155 (95% CI: 23; 170) cases. Corresponding to the health impacts, the economic values of Long An province also suffered a loss of around 1.15% of the total value of the gross regional product (GRDP) with about 1,270 (95% CI: -57; 2,021) billion VND, equivalent to roughly 170 million USD, along with a significant decline in the working time for the adult group. Although uncertainties have remained in this study, these results have shown the extent of economic, health, and environmental damage when PM2.5 pollution occurs. The highlights are the basis for proposing measures to control and improve the local ambient air quality.
Keywords
Cite this paper
Phong, N.H.; Nhi, N.T.H.; Long, B.T. Application of EnHEBIS tool to assess economic impact due to health effects from PM2.5 pollution – A case study at Long An province, Vietnam. J. Hydro-Meteorol. 2023, 17, 85-99.
References
1. Manisalidis, I.; Stavropoulou, E.; Stavropoulos, A.; Bezirtzoglou, E. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Front. Public Heal. 2020, 8, 1–13.
2. Kjellstrom, T.; Holmer, I.; Lemke, B. Workplace heat stress, health and productivity - an increasing challenge for low and middle-income countries during climate change. Glob. Health Action 2009, 2(1), 2047.
3. Sachs, J.D.; Schmidt-Traub, G.; Mazzucato, M.; Messner, D.; Nakicenovic, N.; Rockström, J. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nat. Sustain. 2019, 2(9), 805–814.
4. Nam, D.T. et al. Desgning and manufacturing ambient air quality gravity sample collection equipment. Environ. Mage. 2023, I, 48–53.
5. Delfino Ralph, J.; Constantinos, S.; Shaista, M. Potential Role of Ultrafine Particles in Associations between Airborne Particle Mass and Cardiovascular Health. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113(8), 934–946.
6. WHO. Burden of disease attributable to outdoor air pollution. 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 2011.
7. Hoek, G. et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: A review. Environ. Heal. A Glob. Access Sci. Source 2013, 12(1), 43.
8. Shang, Y. et al. Systematic review of Chinese studies of short-term exposure to air pollution and daily mortality. Environ. Int. 2013, 54, 100–111.
9. Perone, G. Assessing the impact of long-term exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants on COVID-19 spatial spread and related mortality in 107 Italian provinces. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12(1), 1–24.
10. Hayes, R.B. et al. PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2019, 49(1), 25–35.
11. Li, X.; Ma, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, N.; Hong, Y. Temporal and spatial analyses of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and its relationship with meteorological parameters over an urban city in northeast China. Atmos. Res. 2017, 198, 185–193.
12. Munir, S. et al. Modeling particulate matter concentrations in Makkah, applying a statistical modeling approach. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2013, 13(3), 901–910.
13. Hallquist, M. et al. The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: Current and emerging issues. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9(14), 5155–5236.
14. Hien, T.T.; Chi, N.D.T.; Nguyen, N.T.; Vinh, L.X.; Takenaka, N.; Huy, D.H. Current Status of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Vietnam’s Most Populous City, Ho Chi Minh City. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2019, 19(10), 2239–2251.
15. Scherer, D.; Fehrenbach, U.; Lakes, T.; Lauf, S.; Meier, F.; Schuster, C. Quantification of heat-stress related mortality hazard, vulnerability and risk in Berlin, Germany. J. Geogr. Soc. Berlin 2014, 144(3-4), 238–259.
16. Samet, J.; Wassel, R.; Holmes, K.J.; Abt, E.; Bakshi, K. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter in the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39(14), 299A-304A.
17. Pope, C.A.; Dockery, D.W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2006, 56(6), 709–742.
18. OECD. OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050, 2012.
19. Lim, S.S. et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380(9859), 2224–2260.
20. Yin, P. et al. The effect of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across China and its provinces, 1990–2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Planet. Heal. 2020, 4(9), e386–e398.
21. Maji, K.J.; Ye, W.F.; Arora, M.; Shiva Nagendra, S.M. PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities. Environ. Int. 2018, 121, 392–403.
22. Huang, R.J. et al. High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature 2014, 514(7521), 218–222.
23. Xie, Y.; Dai, H.; Dong, H.; Hanaoka, T.; Masui, T. Economic Impacts from PM2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50(9), 4836–4843.
24. Bui, L.T.; Lai, H.T.N.; Nguyen, P.H. Benefits of Short-term Premature Mortality Reduction Attributed to PM2.5 Pollution: A Case Study in Long an Province, Vietnam. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2023, 85, 245–262.
25. Bey, I. et al. Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2001, 106(D19), 23073–23095.
26. Long An Provincial Statistics Office. Statistical Yearbook of Long An Province 2020, Tan An City, 2021.
27. GSO. Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2018, Ha Noi Capital: The Statistical Publishing House, 2019.
28. Chen, R. et al. Association of particulate air pollution with daily mortality: The China air pollution and health effects study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 175(11), 1173–1181.
29. Pope III, C.A. et al. Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. JAMA 2002, 287(9), 1132–1141.
30. Apte, J.S.; Marshall, J.D.; Cohen, A.J.; Brauer, M. Addressing Global Mortality from Ambient PM2.5. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49(13), 8057–8066.
31. Burnett, R.T. et al. An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 2014, 122(4), 397–403.
32. Cai, J. et al. Association between PM2.5 exposure and all-cause, non-accidental, accidental, different respiratory diseases, sex and age mortality in Shenzhen, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(3), 401.
33. Orellano, P.; Reynoso, J.; Quaranta, N.; Bardach, A.; Ciapponi, A. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Int. 2019, 142, 105876.
34. Qu, Y. et al. Short-term effects of fine particulate matter on non-accidental and circulatory diseases mortality: A time series study among the elder in Changchun. PLoS One 2018, 13(12), 1–12.
35. Murray, C.J.L. et al. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020, 396(10258), 1223–1249.
36. Chinh, N.T. Evaluate economic losses due to pollution and environmental degradation. Hanoi capital: National Political Publishing House, 2013.
37. Zhou, Z. et al. The health benefits and economic effects of cooperative PM2.5 control: A cost-effectiveness game model. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 228, 1572–1585.
38. Zhao, N. et al. Field-based measurements of natural gas burning in domestic wall-mounted gas stove and estimates of climate, health and economic benefits in rural Baoding and Langfang regions of Northern China. Atmos. Environ. 2020, 229, 117454.
39. Thinh, H.B. Social forecasts about the Covid-19 pandemic. Vietnam Social Sciences Journal 2022, 3, 3–12.
40. HCMC Statistical Office. Part II: Actual Situation of Economic Growth of Key Economic Region of South Vietnam in the Period of 2010-2018, in Ho Chi Minh City Economy and the Southern Key Economic Region, Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City Statistical Office, 2019, 19–30.
41. Bui, L.T.; Nguyen, P.H.; My Nguyen, D.C. Linking air quality, health, and economic effect models for use in air pollution epidemiology studies with uncertain factors. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 2021, 12(7), 101118.
42. Nhung, N.T.T. et al. Mortality benefits of reduction fine particulate matter in Vietnam, 2019. Front. Public Heal. 2022, 10.
43. Bui, L.T.; Nguyen, P.H. Evaluation of the annual economic costs associated with PM2.5-based health damage – a case study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Air Qual. Atmos. Heal. 2022, 16, 415–435.
44. Dang, T.N. et al. Mortality and economic burden of PM2.5 on cardiovascular disease in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018. Vietnam J. Prev. Med. 2021, 31(6), 9–18.
45. Ding, D. et al. Evaluation of health benefit using BenMAP-CE with an integrated scheme of model and monitor data during Guangzhou Asian Games. J. Environ. Sci. (China) 2016, 42, 9–18.