Authors

Affiliations

1 VNU School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam; ntt.hang@vju.ac.vn

2 Vietnam Japan University, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Luu Huu Phuoc, Hanoi, Vietnam; nth.ha@vju.ac.vn; huyenn0707@gmail.com; buihoa.molisa@gmail.com

3 University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam; phamthuhien_t63@hus.edu.vn; tranthihuyennga@hus.edu.vn

4 Institute of New Technology, Academy of Military Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; thu.n3t.cnm@gmail.com

*Corresponding author: nth.ha@vju.ac.vn; hoangha.nt@vnu.edu.vn; Tel.: +84–968046008

Abstracts

This research was conducted to assess the environmental sustainability of a metalware handicraft village in Hanoi, Vietnam using 17 indicators of 4 components (Environmental systems - S1, Reducing environmental stresses - S2, Reducing human vulnerability - S3, and Social institutional capacity - S4). All indicators were quantified on a scale of 0-1, reflecting a range from low to high sustainability. A combination of soil and water analysis, and a social survey of 67 local households were conducted. The results show that the number of water samples exceeding the allowable limits for wastewater (QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, Column B), domestic water (QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT), ground water (QCVN 09:2023/BTNMT), and surface water (QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT, Column B) was 13/14 (NH4+), 9/14 (COD), 8/14 (BOD5), 4/14 (PO43-), 5/14 (Fe), and 6/14 (Mn). The concentrations of heavy metals in soil were within acceptable limits for agricultural soil (QCVN 03:2023/BTNMT). The social survey results present high percentages of households dissatisfaction with the quality of air (43%) and water (74.5%), which were also perceived to negatively impact on human health by 67% and 81% of respondents, respectively. The environmental sustainability of the study area is 0.38 (low sustainability) with the following order: S3 (0.25) < S2 (0.26) < S4 (0.44) < S1 (0.57). Solutions on management, policy, and technology are proposed for ensuring environmental sustainability of the metalware handicraft village.

Keywords

Cite this paper

Hang, N.T.T.; Hien, P.T.; Nga, T.T.H.; Huyen, N.T.K.; Hoa, B.T.; Thu, N.T.T.; Ha, N.T.H. Indicator-based assessment of environmental sustainability of a metalware handicraft village in Hanoi, VietnamJ. Hydro-Meteorol. 202421, 8-21.

References

1. Lan, N.T.M. Hanoi develops traditional craft villages, contributing to the development of cultural industry. Communist Rev. 2023.

2. Nguyen, T.L.; Nguyen, T.B.H., Nguyen, T.H.; Le, V.L.H. Environmental protection policies at craft villages in Hanoi in the context of sustainable development. E3S Web Conf. 2021, 258, 05014.

3. Lonergan, S. Human security, environmental security and sustainable development. Environment and Security: Discourses and Practices, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000, 66–83.

4. World Commission on environment and development. Our Common Future Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987.

5. Ness, B.; Urbel-Piirsalu, E.; Anderberg, S.; Olsson, L. Categorising tools for sustainability assessment. Ecol. Econ. 200760(3), 498–508.

6. Gasparatos, A.; Scolobig, A. Choosing the most appropriate sustainability assessment tool. Ecol. Econ. 201280, 1–7.

7. Morelli, P. Environmental sustainability: A definition for environmental professionals. J. Environ. Sustainability. 2011, 1(1), 1–9.

8. Chen, X.; Despeisse, M.; Johansson, B. Environmental sustainability of digitalization in manufacturing: A review. Sustainability. 202012(24), 10298. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410298

9. Haupt, M.; Hellweg, S. Measuring the environmental sustainability of a circular economy. Environ. Sustainability Indic. 20191, 100005.

10. Singh, A.K.; Issac, J.; Narayanan, K.G.S. Measurement of environmental sustainability index and its association with socio-economic indicators in selected Asian economies: An empirical investigation. Int. J. Environ. Sustainable Dev2019, 18(1), 57–100. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2019.098641

11. Jeswani, H. K.; Chilvers, A.; Azapagic, A. Environmental sustainability of biofuels: a review. Proc. R. Soc. A. 2020, 476(2243), 20200351. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0351

12. Opoku, D.G.J.; Ayarkwa, J.; Agyekum, K. Barriers to environmental sustainability of construction projects. Smart Sustainable Built Environ.. 2019, 8(4), 292–306.

13. Franco, S. Assessing the environmental sustainability of local agricultural systems: How and Why?. Curr. Res. Environ. Sustainability. 2021, 3, 100028

14. Waas, T.; Hugé, J.; Block, T.; Wright, T.; Benitez-Capistros, F.; Verbruggen, A. Sustainability assessment and indicators: Tools in a decision-making strategy for sustainable development. Sustainability. 20146(9), 5512–5534.

15. Esty, D.C.; Levy, M.A.; Srebotnjak, T.; de Sherbinin, A. 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index: Benchmarking national environmental stewardship. New Haven. 2005, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy.

16. Wolf, M.J.; Emerson, J.W.; Esty, D.C.; de Sherbinin, A.; Wendling, Z. A.; et al. Environmental Performance Index. New Haven. 2022, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. epi.yale.edu.

17. Centre for Development Finance. Environmental Sustainability Index for Indian States 2009. XIFRM Research. 2009, Institute for Finance Management and Research.

18. Dong, Y.; Hauschild, M.Z. Indicators for environmental sustainability, Procedia Cirp. 2017, 61, 697-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.173

19. Rivière, C.; Béthinger, A.; Bergez, J.E. The Effects of Cover Crops on Multiple Environmental Sustainability Indicators - A Review. Agronomy. 202212(9), 2011. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092011

20. Prime Ministry. Decision No. 2157/QĐ-TTg dated November 11, 2013 on promoting a set of indicators for monitoring and evaluating local sustainable development in the period of 2013–2020. 2013.

21. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Decision No. 2782/QĐ-BTNMT dated October 31, 2019 on issuing a set of indicators to assess the environmental protection results of provinces and municipal cities. 2019.

22. Prime Ministry. Decision No. 153/2004/QĐ-TTg dated August 17, 2004 on he Strategic Orientation for Sustainable Development in Vietnam, Vietnam's Agenda 21. 2004.

23. Ha, N.T. H.; Lan, N. D.; Hang, N.T.A. Sustainability of traditional vermicelli production in Minh Hong village, Ba Vi district, Hanoi, Vietnam. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2019, 266, 012015.

24. Nam, T.T. Research on evaluating the sustainability of Phu Lang traditional pottery village, Bac Ninh province in the context of international integration. 2017. Master's thesis in Sustainable Science, School of Sciences interdisciplinary and Art, Hanoi National University.

25. Thien, T.D. Solutions for sustainable development of traditional craft villages - Dong Ky fine art woodworking in the context of urbanization in Tu Son town, Bac Ninh province. 2023. Master's thesis in Sustainable Science, School of Sciences interdisciplinary and Art, Hanoi National University.

26. Wu, J.; Wu, T. Sustainability indicators and indices: an overview. Handb. Sustainability Manage. 2012, 65–86.

27. Commune People’s Committee. Report on the results of socio-economic development, security and defense in 2023 and implementing plans for 2024. 2023.

28. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment of Vietnam. Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of wastewater (TCVN 5999:1995). 1995.

29. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment of Vietnam. Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling from natural lakes and man- made lakes (TCVN 5994:1995). 1995.

30. Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam. Water quality – Sampling – Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatment works and piped distribution systems (TCVN 6663–5:2009). 2009.

31. Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam. Water quality – Sampling – Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters (TCVN 6663-11:2011). 2011.

32. Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam. Water quality – Sampling – Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples (TCVN 6663-3:2016). 2016.

33. Franklin I. P. Survey Methods and Practices. Stat. Canada. 2003, ISBN 978-1-100-16410-6

34. Vietnam Environment Administration. Decision 1460/QD-TCMT on the Issuing of the Technical Guide to Calculation and Disclosure Vietnam Water Quality Index (VN_WQI). 2019.

35. Saaty, T.L. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Int. J. Services Sci. 2008, 1(1), 83–98.

36. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam. QCVN 03:2023/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Soil Quality. 2023.

37. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam. QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater.

38. Ministry of Health of Vietnam. QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT: National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality. 2018.

39. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam. QCVN 09:2023/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Groundwater Quality. 2023.

40. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam. QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality. 2023.

41. Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Vietnam. Decision 134/QD-BLĐTBXH dated January 31, 2024 on announcement of the results of the review of poor households and near poverty households in 2023 according to multidimensional poverty standards for the period of 2022–2025. 2024.

42. Prime Minister. Decree No. 52/2018/ND-CP dated April 12, 2018 on rural industry development. 2018.

43. Prime Minister. Decision No. 801/QD-Ttg dated July 7, 2022 Approving the Program to preserve and develop Vietnamese craft villages in the period 2021 - 2030. 2022.

44. Hanoi People's Committee. Plan No. 67/KH-UBND dated March 3, 2023 on Preserving and developing craft villages and rural industries in Hanoi City in the period of 2023-2025. 2023.

45. Hanoi People's Committee. Plan No. 111/KH-UBND dated April 8, 2023 on Rural Industry Development of Hanoi City in 2024. 2024.

46. Hanoi People's Committee. Decision No. 23/2019/QD-UBND dated October 24, 2019 on Regulations on environmental protection of craft villages in Hanoi. 2019.

47. Hanoi People's Committee. Plan No. 107/KH-UBND dated May 28, 2020 on Support for environmental impact assessment of craft villages in 2020. 2020.

48. Hanoi People's Committee. Plan No. 307/KH-UBND dated December 27, 2021 on strengthening management, inspection, supervision, and prevention of environmental pollution in villages occupations, industrial zones and clusters in the period 2021 - 2025. 2021.

49. Hanoi People's Committee. Decision No. 2546/QD-UBND dated April 28, 2023 on promulgating the List, roadmap and plan for environmental pollution treatment for craft villages in the City Hanoi city to 2025, orientation to 2030. 2023.